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In August 1946, University President George Bowman appointed Robert I. White as dean of education. A former high school teacher and principal, White was teaching graduate courses at the University of Chicago. He held a somewhat Platonic view of what a university should be. Hence, he remade the College of Education by measuring every aspect of the curriculum by rigorous "standards." White created a Student Qualification for Professional Standards program to produce high-quality teachers; however, it frustrated generations of education majors. Primary requirements included "adequate intelligence," a "strong academic record," a "desirable teaching personality," and understanding of how children learn, skill in using teaching resources and techniques, and an ability to "use and write English properly." A C average or higher in Freshman English and passing a special English composition test was required. Moreover, students with certain irreparable health or speech defects that could inhibit effective teaching would be "withdrawn" from the college. In 1958, White became vice president of Academic Affairs.